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The site of Machu Picchu has mysterious and rich History behind its stoned walls. Within this section learn about its construction, abandonment and resurrection throughout the decades.
Machu Picchu History
Contrary to common belief Machu Picchu was not the capital of the Incan empire, this was Cusco. The origins of Machu Picchu began with its order of construction in the 15th century, commanded by the 9th Inca of the civilisation, Inca Pachacutec. There are many theories on why this outlandish city was erected, some believe that it was a place of refuge for the Inca and his Nobel men due to the fine artefacts and structures found here.
Some believe it was uniquely chosen due to its resources as a man-made agricultural oasis, due to its uniquely and impressively built terraces for growing crops and its pinpointed location which is sun-drenched due to positioning and building. Although it is widely accepted that Machu Picchu was a prestigious place which received academics in fields such as medicine, archaeology, engineering, spiritual practices and astronomy.
This belief is founded in the buildings of schools, temples, hospitals and the great entering feats found in this mysterious ancient city.
the city build upon 2 fault lines, it was and still is prone to earthquakes. However, sturdy construction is truly ingenious with structured terraced agricultural land, water supply and drainage system and expertly maisoned stone work.
The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire began in the 16th century, not 1832, during the arrival of conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro. Around this time, many Inca sites were abandoned, and although Machu Picchu was never discovered by the Spanish, it is believed that its remote location and hidden access routes helped protect it from destruction. Local inhabitants likely reduced visibility by allowing vegetation to overgrow paths and structures, preserving the site’s secrecy. Despite its isolation, nearby Andean communities always knew of its existence and continued to use parts of the land for agriculture.
In 1911, American historian and explorer Hiram Bingham arrived in the region and, with the guidance of local indigenous farmers, brought Machu Picchu to international attention. Although not the first to reach the site, Bingham conducted one of the earliest scientific investigations and documented its significance. By 1912, his publications and photographs had introduced Machu Picchu to the world, sparking global curiosity and academic interest.
Bingham returned several times, along with other archaeologists, to further explore and study the site. During these expeditions, new access routes and pathways were established to facilitate transportation of supplies from Cusco. Some of these trails, along with sections of the original Inca road network known as the Qhapaq Ñan, are still in use today by both researchers and travelers.
Tourism to Machu Picchu began to grow significantly in the 1970s, driven by improved international travel and media exposure. Photographs published in magazines and the introduction of commercial flights to Lima made the destination more accessible and appealing to global visitors. Over the decades, it evolved into one of the most sought-after travel destinations in the world. By 2018, Machu Picchu welcomed more than 1.5 million visitors annually.
To protect the site from the impact of mass tourism, strict regulations have been introduced. Visitor numbers are now limited to approximately 2,400 people per day, and certain areas of the ruins have been restricted or roped off to prevent damage. Conservation efforts are ongoing, aiming to preserve both the architectural integrity of the site and the surrounding natural environment.
Recognized for its cultural, historical, and architectural importance, Machu Picchu was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and later named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Its remarkable stonework, advanced engineering, and harmonious integration with the mountainous landscape continue to inspire awe. From its mysterious origins to its global recognition, Machu Picchu stands as a powerful symbol of the ingenuity and legacy of the Inca civilization.
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